《科学》（20260108出版）一周论文导读
发布时间:
编译 | 未玖
Science, Jan 2026, VOL 391, ISSUE 6781
《科学》2026年1月8日，第391卷，6781期
物理学Physics
Self-induced Floquet magnons in magnetic vortices
磁旋涡中的自诱导Floquet磁振子
▲ 作者：Christopher Heins, Lukas Korber, Joo-Von Kim, Thibaut Devolder, Johan H. Mentink, Attila Kákay, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq9891
▲摘要：
用周期性电磁场驱动凝聚态物质系统可产生平衡态中不存在的奇异态。这种施加于电子系统的周期性驱动被称为Floquet工程，可诱导拓扑能带结构和控制自旋相互作用。
研究组提出了一类磁涡旋中的Floquet态，源于涡旋核和微波磁振子之间的非线性相互作用。Floquet带通过涡旋核的周期性振荡产生，可通过直接驱动涡旋核或泵浦方位角磁振子模式来激发。
对于后者，方位角模式通过非线性相互作用诱导核心旋转，从而重整化磁振子能带结构。这代表了Floquet带工程的自诱导机制，为研究和调控非线性磁振子动力学开辟了新途径。
▲ Abstract：
Driving condensed matter systems with periodic electromagnetic fields can result in exotic states not found in equilibrium. Termed Floquet engineering, such periodic driving applied to electronic systems can induce topological band structures and control spin interactions. In this study, we present a class of Floquet states in a magnetic vortex that arise from nonlinear interactions between the vortex core and microwave magnons. Floquet bands emerge through the periodic oscillation of the core, which can be initiated by either driving the core directly or pumping azimuthal magnon modes. For the latter, the azimuthal modes induce core gyration through nonlinear interactions, which in turn renormalizes the magnon band structure. This represents a self-induced mechanism for Floquet band engineering and opens avenues to study and control nonlinear magnon dynamics.
材料科学Materials Science
Multivalent ligands regulate dimensional engineering for inverted perovskite solar modules
多价配体调控倒置钙钛矿太阳能组件的维度工程
▲ 作者：Xiaoming Chang, Yanping Liu, Yue Ping, Nan Wu, Tinghuan Yang, Chenqing Tian, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aea0656
▲摘要：
与低维钙钛矿中的传统单价铵基配体相比，多价、共振稳定的脒基配体能实现更强的化学配位和更少的去质子化。
研究组通过系统地调整配体构象，从而调节氢键、π–π堆叠和碱度，引入了一种可控的一维到二维结构转换策略，以阐明分子结构、界面相互作用和所得维数间的构效关系。一维脒基钙钛矿结构具有明显的几何各向异性，阻碍了均匀的表面覆盖和缺陷钝化。
相比之下，二维脒基钙钛矿形成一个连续、均匀的界面层，实现了更有效的缺陷钝化和有利的能级排列。通过维度调控，倒置型3D/2D-脒基钙钛矿太阳能电池可实现25.4%的功率转换效率（1.1平方厘米，稳态认证），并在85℃、1倍太阳光照下连续运行1100小时后保持其初始效率的95%。
▲ Abstract：
Multivalent, resonance-stabilized amidinium ligands enable stronger chemical coordination and reduced deprotonation compared with conventional monovalent ammonium ligands in low-dimensional perovskites. Here, we introduce a controllable one- to two-dimensional (1D-to-2D) structural transition strategy by systematically tuning ligand conformation, thereby modulating hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking, and basicity to elucidate the relationship between molecular structure, interfacial interactions, and resulting dimensionality. The 1D-amidinium perovskite structure, with its pronounced geometric anisotropy, impedes uniform surface coverage and defect passivation. In contrast, the 2D-amidinium perovskite forms a continuous, homogeneous interfacial layer, enabling more effective defect passivation and favorable energy-level alignment. With dimensionality control, inverted 3D/2D-amidinium perovskite solar cells deliver 25.4% power conversion efficiency (1.1 square centimeters, steady-state certified) and maintain >95% of their initial efficiency after 1100 hours of continuous 1-sun operation at 85°C.
Molecular press annealing enables robust perovskite solar cells
分子压退火实现稳健耐用的钙钛矿太阳能电池
▲ 作者：Jianfei Hu, Qingbin Cai, Yuexin Lin, Yuanhui Xiao, Li Yang, Kun Wei, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aea8228
▲摘要：
热退火改善了钙钛矿薄膜的结晶度，提高了其在太阳能电池中的功率转换效率（PCEs），但也会导致表面碘流失和局部晶格退化。
研究组展示了一种分子压退火（MPA）策略，将2-吡啶乙胺薄膜热压键合至钙钛矿表面。退火过程中碘空位实时修复，通过优化配体工程稳定了铅碘框架结构，增强了钙钛矿薄膜的结构完整性和长期稳定性。该策略制备的n-i-p型钙钛矿太阳能电池实现了高达26.6%的PCE（经认证为26.5%）。
值得注意的是，在最大功率点跟踪下连续运行1617小时后[ISOS-L-3协议，85℃，60%相对湿度（RH）]，以及环境存储（ISOS-D-1协议，室温，10% RH）5280小时后，器件分别保留了初始PCE的98.6%和97.2%。
▲ Abstract：
Thermal annealing improves the crystallinity of perovskite films and boosts their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in solar cells but also induces surface iodine loss and local lattice degradation. We demonstrate a molecular press annealing (MPA) strategy in which a 2-pyridylethylamine film is thermally and pressure-bonded to the perovskite surface. Real-time healing of iodine vacancies occurred during annealing and the lead-iodine framework was stabilized through optimized ligand engineering, resulting in enhanced structural integrity and long-term stability of perovskite films. This strategy enabled n-i-p perovskite solar cells to achieve a PCE of 26.6% (certified 26.5%). Notably, the devices retain 98.6 and 97.2% of their initial PCEs after 1617 hours of continuous operation under maximum power point tracking [ISOS-L-3 protocol, 85°C, 60% relative humidity (RH)] and 5280 hours of ambient storage (ISOS-D-1 protocol, room temperature, 10% RH).
化学Chemistry
Leveraging triatropic rearrangements for stereoselective skeletal reshuffling
利用三中心重排进行立体选择性框架重组
▲ 作者：Yuan Niu, Yu Chen, Meng Zhou, Huihui Zeng, Ke Wang, Peiyuan Yu and Zhe Dong
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adw3340
▲摘要：
周环反应可将简单前体转化为具有精细立体控制的结构复杂产物，使其成为合成的核心工具。
研究组报道了一类被称为三中心重排的周环反应，即在单一过渡态中同步断裂三个σ键，同时形成两个σ键和一个π键。在这种机制框架下，环氧化物中的碳—氧键可通过有机硼试剂的介导，被立体选择性地转化为碳—碳键。环氧环烷烃经过高度的化学、区域和立体选择性碳迁移，使缩环产物具有广泛的普遍性。
该策略还实现了线性环氧化物底物的对映选择性1,2-氢迁移。这种缩环方案与[4+2]环加成的结合，为以模块化方式立体选择性构建复杂环戊烷提供了一种独特的“[4+2-1]”策略。
▲ Abstract：
Pericyclic reactions transform simple precursors into architecturally complex products with exquisite stereocontrol, making them central tools in synthesis. Here, we report a class of pericyclic reactions, called triatropic rearrangements, wherein three σ-bonds are broken concomitantly with the formation of two σ-bonds and one π-bond, all in a single transition state. Within this mechanistic manifold, carbon-oxygen bonds in epoxides are stereoselectively converted into carbon-carbon bonds in a process mediated by organoboron reagents. Epoxycycloalkanes undergo highly chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective carbon migration to furnish ring-contracted products with broad generality. This strategy also enables enantioselective 1,2-hydride migrations for linear epoxide substrates. The combination of this ring contraction protocol with [4+2] cycloadditions provides a distinct “[4+2–1]” strategy for the stereoselective construction of complex cyclopentanes in a modular fashion.
Access to four-membered cyclic sulfinamides by energy transfer catalysis
通过能量转移催化获得四元环磺酰亚胺
▲ 作者：Di Zhai, Benedict A. Williams, Lo?c R. E. Pantaine, Yiding Chen and Michael C. Willis
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aec3158
▲摘要：
通过激发态推进的合成转化遵循非常规的机理途径，并产生基态化学无法获得的产物。这些有合成价值的转化反应，其应用广度受限于可产生有效激发态的分子范围（特别是官能团），而大多数方法使用的同类官能团都是100多年前定义的。
在这项工作中，研究组表明N-硅基磺酰亚胺可通过能量转移催化剂和可见光获得有合成价值的激发态反应性。研究组利用这些中间体与烯烃反应形成四元环磺酰胺产物。这些反应效率高，底物范围广，产物可进一步转化为磺酰胺及四元环磺酰亚胺类化合物。
▲ Abstract：
Synthetic transformations that advance through excited states proceed by unconventional mechanistic pathways and deliver products not accessible using ground-state chemistry. The breadth of these synthetically valuable transformations is constrained by the range of molecules—and particularly the functional groups—that can deliver productive excited states, with most methods using the same functional groups that were defined more than 100 years ago. In this work, we show that N-silyl sulfinylamines can undergo synthetically useful excited-state reactivity accessed using energy transfer catalysts and visible light. We exploit these intermediates in reactions with alkenes to form four-membered cyclic sulfinamide products. The reactions are efficient and broad in scope, and the products are advanced to sulfonamides as well as four-membered cyclic sulfonimidamides.
植物学Botany
Multispecies grasslands produce more yield from lower nitrogen inputs across a climatic gradient
在不同气候梯度下，多物种混播草地以较低的氮输入实现更高产量
▲ 作者：James O’Malley, John A. Finn, Carsten S. Malisch, Matthias Suter, Sebastian T. Meyer, Giovanni Peratoner, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady0764
▲摘要：
高产饲草草场往往物种多样性低，氮肥投入高。为了研究多物种混播的替代策略，覆盖26个站点的LegacyNet实验系统地改变了播种草地的多样性，使用多达6种高产饲草（禾本科、豆科和草本植物），配合适度的氮投入管理。多物种混播的产量超过了两种广泛使用的草原耕作模式：高氮肥的禾本科单播草地和禾本科—豆科两物种混播草地。
多物种混播的高产源于禾本科—豆科植物和豆科—草本植物间的积极互作。在较温暖的实验点，含豆科植物的多物种混播的产量优势与高氮肥禾本科单播相比进一步增加。改良草地混播设计可为环境可持续性的饲草生产提供科学依据，并有望增强高产草地对气候变暖的适应性。
▲ Abstract：
High-yielding forage grasslands frequently contain low species diversity and receive high inputs of nitrogen fertilizer. To investigate multispecies mixtures as an alternative strategy, the 26-site international LegacyNet experiment systematically varied the diversity of sown grasslands using up to six high-yielding forage species (grasses, legumes, and herbs) managed under moderate nitrogen inputs. Multispecies mixtures outyielded two widely used grassland practices: a grass monoculture with higher nitrogen fertilizer and a two-species grass-legume community. High yields in multispecies mixtures were driven by strong positive grass-legume and legume-herb interactions. In warmer sites, the yield advantage of legume-containing multispecies mixtures over grass monocultures with higher nitrogen fertilizer inputs increased. Improved design of grassland mixtures can inform more environmentally sustainable forage production and may enhance adaptation of productive grasslands to a warming climate.
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